Showing posts with label sireh. Show all posts
Showing posts with label sireh. Show all posts

Friday, 13 July 2012

Sireh (Part 2)

Betel leaves are offered to guests when they visit a Malay family.

Fresh betel leaves in a heavy brass serving tray (tepak sireh) for serving to guests. The tepak sireh is available from the main market in Kota Bharu (Pasar Siti Khadijah) for between RM200-RM300.

When I was growing up, almost every elderly woman chewed sireh. Practically everyone chewed sireh. 

Meeeomiin, a 39-year old Myanmarese male, shows his  sireh-stained teeth. Photo courtesy of Ahmad Fuad Haji Morad (Facebook), 13 July 2012.
How Meeeomiin packs his sireh for chewing. Photo courtesy of Ahmad Fuad Haji Morad (Facebook), 13 July 2012.

Now I grow my own sireh plant (it is a vine). The leaves are used for many things by myself and the women in my neighbourhood.


Sireh stamen/flower stalk? What's this part called?
The leaves measure 15 cm long x 9 cm wide.
Betel leaves (daun sireh) being prepared for placing in the tepak sireh, betel serving tray.


Monday, 17 October 2011

Malay Health


I am intrigued by Malay Health and how the Malay people maintain their health. Their routine is different from what I have been taught in school & universities, and what I have known this far from books and textbooks. This post is about Malay Health from my own observation. I will highlight just a few things to let you re-think whether Malay Health is actually worth a re-study. It is a pity that the general mass today is pushing Malay Health aside as unnecessary and irrelevant as they fail to understand the basis of Malay Health & Practices. Though their practices are alluded to in modern online blogs and TV programs, there is nothing like taking a close look and searching for the right reasons as to why they were preferred practices within the Malay community for so long, even before Western Medicine reached the shores of Tanah Melayu. Let's see what has been on my mind ...

Bath
The Malay people bath daily. The elderly do not use any soap for the skin, body and face. They bathe with cold water in the morning before Subuh prayer. They bathe with luke warm water in the evening. They avoid baths at night. The do not bathe at night - the reason being it will be easy to catch a cold if one bathes at night. The leats bath is in the evening, before the Maghrib prayer.

House cleaning
The Malay people put out their bedding materials out in the sun every morning. They beat theor pillows and put them on the window sills to get the morning sun. The bedding materials are left to dry in the sun till noon when they are taken in - very hot! They are puffed and given new covers. This gets rid of bed bugs, ticks and lice, if any. The Malay people hardly suffer from skin diseases; they have very good and clean skin.

Skin inflictions
Malaysia is hot humid weather. There are cases of ringworm on the face and other body parts. The Malay people avoid washing the face when one is sweating profusely as after a game or working in the fields. This is to avoid ringworm infestation. However, male schoolchildren do get ringworm infestation on the cheeks and necks. With the imposition of closed shoes with shoe laces, schoolchildren (and adults) suffer from athlete's foot, which is quite difficult to cure in some stubborn cases. Schoolchildren even walk to school (and go home) in wet shoes in the monsoon season. Foot infections are a big problem especially if wearing closed shoes. Sandals were not allowed in Malayan schools; they are not allowed in Malaysian schools. Unlike in Australia, footwear has not received proper attention in Malaysian schools. In Australia, schoolchildren wear closed shoes in winter and wear sandals in summer.

Eyesight
The Malay people have very good eyesight. Most Malay schoolchildren do not wear any glasses or contact lenses throughout school and university. Many do not need glasses throughout their working lives. Many continue to enjoy good eyesight in old age. They have good eye practices to maintain eye health. Ask them.

Oral health
The Malay people have very good dentition and maintain oral health very well. In the olden days, they used powdered charcoal (from pounded burnt areca nut) mixed with ash and salt, to brush their teeth white and clean. They gargle with a solution made from strained pounded cloves with added salt. Some chew cardamom pods with uncooked rice grains (and spit the spent matter). Some prefer to chew betel leaves and areca nut. In the olden days, the rich men and women coat their teeth with gold leaf, thus they have golden teeth to show off. They remove collected pus from their tonsils by clearing their throats early in the morning when they bathe. Though the throat-clearing sound is awful, it is effective and works well for many and the likeliness of tonsilitis is nil. Men clear their throats more than women. Thus, they do not suffer from bad breath. However, acetone can be smelled in their breath when they fast. Patients with oral cancers do have bad breath.

Hand washing
The Malay people eat with their right hand. They wash the hands (or the fingers) with running water at the tap, by dipping their fingers in a bowl of water, or the washing the fingers from a small metal or plastic kettle. Raw water is used for washing fingers/hands before eating. Foe home eating, the Malay people do not use any utensils - no spoon or fork.

Food
The Malay people prefer home cooking for its freshness and cleanliness. The Malay people take hygienic food and avoid carcass. They eat halal food as opposed to koshered food preferred by the Jews. Halal food is prepared by reading Bismillah (in the name of Allah); koshered food maybe similar but Bismillah is never read for its preparation. They eat mainly rice with gravy and a good source of proteins. The health-conscious ones take a hefty amount of greens. However, that habit of eating greens has died down a bit in today's young Malay people as they migrate away from traditional Malay food to fast food. There are various foods prepared for various ailments. Soups containing fish (tuna variety), asam keping, lemon grass and galangher are for reducing the symptoms of asthma. Vegetables prepared with coconut milk, sweet potatoes and dark green leafy vegetables are for overcoming anaemia - 2 greens of special mention are daun cekak manis and daun keloh.

Friday, 11 March 2011

Betel nut vs Areca nut | Sirih pinang | Sirih junjung | Tepak sirih (Part 1)




1. BETEL VINE & LEAVES
The betel vine (pokok sirih) is a hardy vine with dark green leaves (daun sireh) shaped like hearts. The leaves are often confused with that of the pepper vine (pokok lada hitam). The leaves are crushed in water and the water is used as antiseptic for cleaning skin infections and grazes, and usually for cleaning the private parts following maternal delivery (giving birth) in addition to salt soaks. The leaves are also used in making a wedding gift (sirih junjung) to mark a virgin bride (anak dara). Without the sirih junjung, it is generally taken that the bride is not a virgin (bukan anak dara).

Sireh emas or the golden betel vine with young betel leaves (light green). This variety has red stems and is prized for its bactericidal properties. The leaves are either chewed as a pastime or offered to visitors to chew. The leaves are crushed in water and used for bathing to cleanse the skin and private parts following maternal delivery (mandi selepas bersalin). This betel vine was photographed in the author's backyard. Courtesy of Faridah Abdul Rashid,
2. ARECA PALM & NUT
The areca palm grows quite easily in dry sandy soil, not necessarily by the sea or on seaside lands. It is a tall palm with smaller and shorter fronds than the coconut  palm/tree or the date palm. The areca fruit is small like the size of an individual oil palm fruit. Unlike the oil palm fruit, the areca fruit does not grow in clusters. Like the coconuts and dates, the areca fruit appears as a single fruit on an individual stalk, and many stalks are attached to a bigger bunch. One bunch may contain 4-6 areca fruits. The areca nut is a smooth nut inside a stiff shell after dehusking (removal of the stiff fibres). When cut, the cross-section is a mosaic of white flesh and red-maroon streaks. I have not tasted the areca nut so I cannot tell you what it tastes like.

Areca palm with areca fruit in bunches (foreground). A laichi tree appears in the background. These trees were photographed in the author's garden at home. Courtesy of Faridah Abdul Rashid,
Buah pinang for which Penang was named. This is the areca fruit, inside it is the areca nut.
Dehusked areca nut
Areca nut after dehusking

Usage in the literature and frame of reference
Old books written during British colonialism in Malaya had used the term betel nut producer or trader, which I think should be corrected in books published today. The term "betel nut" is incorrect and a misnomer. The correct terms are "areca nut" and "betel leaves".

Trade commodity
In early trade within the Malay states and extending to her neighbours, the islands of Sumatra and the Philippines, the Indian subcontinent, countries surrounding the Indian Ocean, and countries of  Indo-China, there was one commodity that stood high above all others, that was, betel nut (more correctly, areca nut). 

Habitual eating
The areca nut is sliced thinly and wrapped in betel leaves, along with a dab of slake lime and sometimes with added tobacco and spices for added taste. Most communities eat it daily and serve it to visitors in a specific tray called tepak sireh. Refusing to eat it when it is served is not an offense. 

Icon of Malay weddings
The tepak sireh is now used as a wedding icon on modern Malay wedding invitation cards. However, it should be noted that the bronze tepak sireh is found is many countries where the Hindu faith once dominated. It is not solely Malay and should not indicate Malayness.

Habitual eating, health and undesirable effects
The folks who occasionally chewed areca nut and betel leaves generally have good oral health. However, prolonged use have been connected to oral cancers.  As I recall in Penang General Hospital circa 1976, one oral cancer case was so severe that an afflicted elderly Indian lady was crying in pain even while she was waiting in the hospital lobby for the nurse to call her name. It was very sad just watching her cry in pain and in vain. From my mother's experience having watched her father tendered to Indian patients, she said that the Indian lady's case was a terminal one. I don't know what became of that Indian lady.

Useful pages on areca nut:

Wednesday, 9 March 2011

Penang General Hospital / Penang GH

Driving directions to Hospital Pulau Pinang (suggested routes)

From Kg Doddol, Jalan Perak, Jelutong, Penang to Hospital P Pinang (3.5 km, 6 mins)
In Kg Dodol, head south on Solok Free School toward Jalan Free School (29 m)
Turn left at Jalan Free School (400 m)
Turn left at Jalan Perak (1.8 km)
Follow slight left to stay on Jalan Perak (1.8 km)
Continue (left) onto Jalan Macalister (650 m)
Continue onto Jalan Residensi (450 m)
Turn left at Jalan Hospital (100 m)

Overhead bridge of Penang General Hospital
Main block of Penang General Hospital

A cenotaph has been constructed to commemorated the donors for various portions of Penang General Hospital, which initially was the Pauper's Hospital (a hospital for poor patients) and prior to that the Industrial Shed.

Messrs Oh Yean Heng and Gan Kim Swee are the donors
in constructing the surrounding walls and a ward of this hospital.
The site of this hospital was the gift of the Gee Hin Society.
The Industrial Shed was presented by HM the King of Siam on 24 May 1890.
[Note: More on biography of Messrs Oh Yean Heng and history of Penang General Hospital
is provided by Raymond Boon at his blog]

Cenotaph and main block of Penang General Hospital 

Cenotaph in the parking lot
Industrial Shed presented by His Majesty The King of Siam, May 24th 1890
Donors
The Toa Peh Kong Kongsee
The Chee Hing Kongsee
Tan Beng Swee
Mess Noordin & Shaik Yousoof
Chulam Meydin Merican
Dalbadal & Yahayah Merican
Pah Etam Kadir Hossain
Mahamed Joonos & Mahamed Ariff
[Note: Mahamed Joonos and Mahamed Ariff were the parents of 2 early Malay doctors]
Meerah Pullay Kakah & Che Ismail
Shaik Ibram & Mahamed Fahar
Cauder Meydin & B Kader Saw
[Note: Cauder Meydin was the founder of Masjid Kapitan Kling]
Shaik Ismail & Mahamed Hassan
Aboosti Merican & Coopah Peechay
Shaik Emam
Chalong Hajee Mahamed Noor
Abdul Cauder Merican
Mahamed Allee & Mahamed Noordin
Sultan Merican
Keechee Mahamed Shariff
Mahamed Chous Malim
Muna Mastan & Hajee Aboo Bakar
1879
Donors
Mahamed Amin & Mahamed Meydin
Peer Mahamed & Sancardoss
Chandapa & Ong Hong Guan
Shaik Jan & Madar Daw
Pakir
[Query: Could this name refer to Pakir Mydin, the Sumatran betel leaves & areca nut tycoon?]
Malik?
1879

See more, read more at:
Timothy Tye's Penang General Hospital
Raymond Boon's Penang General Hospital