I went to Chowrasta Market (upstairs) in Penang to get some old books on Malaysia's history. I told the eldest-looking Mamu, "Saya mau itu buku sejarah ... History - Malayan independence. You kasi cari, saya mau beli". I'm not a history buff. I only read history to write something on history. Then I forget history altogether until another time I need to write another post on history. That is history to me.
Altogether, I have five books on Malayan & Malaysian history. They are heavy reading stuff for me. I bought them just to read about our Tunku, initially. The Tunku is well-liked by Malaysians.
I heard about Tunku when I was a little girl and when I first entered school in 1965 in Alor Star. Tunku was from Kedah. That time, I only knew his name.
My father told me about Tunku's wife, the Peranakan Arab wife, Sharifah Rodziah. At the time I was a teenager and we were driving home in Malacca. I don't remember much of what my father said but I remember he said the wife is a respectable lady in Malay circle. A newly opened religious school in Malacca was named in her honour. That's all I can remember of our conversation. At the time I had no idea what Tunku was like. He was just a name and a blank figure, but a rather 'nice man'.
I looked at photographs of the Malayan independence, in books and in my parent's collections, including one that had my pregnant mother - she was carrying my elder sister Sharifah at 7 months. It was drizzling during our independence day, and I could see umbrellas at Stadium Merdeka. I listened to cries of "Merdeka, Merdeka, Merdeka" once a while on radio and TV, especially close to our independence day - Merdeka. As schoolchildren, we too shouted "Merdeka, Merdeka, Merdeka" and thought nothing of it afterwards. Merdeka did not sink in at all - it was just a cry, and not more than that. I could not connect to the real meaning of Merdeka even after I was a young adult, enjoying life in Penang. Nobody could teach me what Merdeka really meant. In my middle-age life, I decided to read up on my own, to see what Merdeka was really about and what I must think of it, and what I must pass on to my children and their children.
What is Merdeka to me? I was born a year after Merdeka. I only know hardship and poverty from watching my grandmother, aunts, uncles and parents struggling to eke a living. Life must be very difficult at the time. I never went to kindergarten (kindy) - my mother said she didn't have the money for me to go to school. I never thought much about it as a child except I kept nagging about going to kindy. I never knew the alphabet, nor how to count or even write my own name before I entered Standard 1E at Sultanah Asma Primary School in 1965. I wasn't a dumb child; it is just that I didn't have the opportunity to study any earlier and therefore knew nothing. I ended up as the last student in the last class in the premier school; I cried bitterly and never wanted to ever continue school. It was very painful for a 7-year old, ending up as the last student on my class register. I told my mother I was not ever going back to school. My kind mother must have done something for me at that point. The following year I was placed in Standard 2A - the best class, and miraculously, I did well! I then went to Standard 3A but stopped midway in May 1967. Our family moved to Sabah.
Back to the Merdeka story, I was reading Looking Back by Tunku Abdul Rahman Putra Al-Haj (MPH, 2011), last night and this morning. On page 8, is mentioned who came to the Baling Talks on 19 December 1955. These are the passages:
"In the second truck were Chen Tien and two other Communists ... Abdul Rashid bin Mydin, a man who had escaped from the Malacca Detention Camp in March 1951; the other was a man named Sanip. This was 12.36pm, nearly two hours after Tunku Abdul Rahman, David Marshall and Datuk Sir Cheng-lock Tan had motored in from Kulim."
"As soon as they arrived, Chin Peng and his party moved into their first 'brick home' for seven years and smiled at the cleanliness of everything. At 2.15pm Tunku Abdul Rahman, David Marshall and Cheng-lock Tan entered the Conference Hall."
"From the opposite end of the sealed-off area, Chin Peng, accompanied by Chen Tien, Abdul Rashid Mydin and Mr. J.L.H. Davis, entered the Conference Room by the back door."
There are three important names here - Tunku Abdul Rahman, David Marshall and Datuk Sir Tun Tan Cheng Lock. There is a lot written, spoken and aired about Tunku, but the other two men are hardly mentioned.
David Marshall was Singapore's first Chief Minister. Tan Cheng Lock was from Malacca. I knew his only son Tan Siew Sin from my mother's stories. Tun Tan Siew Sin's residence was a stone's throw from where we lived in Malacca. His house was sited near ours and was known to us as "the rich man's row". I still remember it as that, "the rich man's row."
David Marshall (from Wikipedia)
Born into an Orthodox Jewish family descended from Indian Baghdadi Jews in Singapore, David Marshall was educated at Saint Joseph's Institution, Saint Andrew's School and then Raffles Institution. He became interested in politics and the independence movement at an early age. After graduating from the University of London, he was called to the Bar at the Middle Temple in 1937. He later became the most successful criminal lawyer in Singapore, with a reputation "Marshall never loses". Known for his sharp eloquence and imposing stances, he claimed that he had secured 99 acquittals out of 100 cases he defended for murder during Singapore's period of using trial by jury. When Singapore's leader (and Marshall's political opponent) Lee Kuan Yew abolished the jury system in 1969, he quoted Marshall's reputation to illustrate its "inadequacy". He was the brother of Joseph Saul Marshall who died under odd circumstances in Sydney in 1945, potentially connected to the Taman Shud Case. David Marshall died in 1995 of lung cancer. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Marshall_(Singaporean_politician)
Tan Cheng Lock (from
Wikipedia)
Born on April 5, 1883, Tan was the third son of Tan Keong Ann,[1] who had seven sons and daughters, and the fifth-generation Peranakan Chinese Malaysian living at 111, Heeren Street (Malay: Jalan Heeren) in Malacca. His ancestor, Tan Hay Kwan, a junk owner and trader, had migrated to Malacca from Zhangzhou prefecture in Fujian Province, China in 1771.[2] His grandfather, Tan Choon Bok, was very wealthy but he felt his four sons were unworthy to inherit his business empire and wealth and he locked up all his assets in a family trust which ended 84 years after he died, in 1964. By then even Tan Cheng Lock had already been dead for four years.[3] Tan Cheng Lock's father, Tan Keong Ann, was so devastated by his 'disinheritance' that he railed at his father's portrait daily and took to drink.[4] He did not try to earn a living to support his family and instead lived off his annual allowance of $130 (Straits dollars) from the family trust in genteel poverty.[5] Tan Cheng Lock refused to emulate his father.
The young Tan attended Malacca High School and won the Tan Teck Guan Scholarship awarded to top performers in the school. He later continued his education at Raffles Institution in Singapore. He was unable to proceed to England to study law due to his financial situation so he decided to teach instead, and taught at Raffles Institution from 1902 to 1908.[6] He was unhappy with his lot and was too impatient to be a teacher,[7] so his mother, Lee Seck Bin, insisted he return to Malacca to work as an assistant manager of the Bukit Kajang Rubber Estates Ltd.,[8] a company which belonged to his maternal cousin, Lee Chin Tuan.[9] Being a rubber planter suited him and he was a quick learner. Soon he was appointed visiting agent to Nyalas Rubber Estates in Malacca in 1909. In 1910, Tan was involved in the founding of three rubber companies. He started United Malacca Rubber Estate Ltd. himself, and he obtained the assistance of other businessmen to jointly set up Malacca Pinda Rubber Estates Ltd. and Ayer Molek Rubber Company, Ltd.[10]
Three years later in 1912, he was nominated as Malacca Council Commissioner and a Justice of the Peace for Malacca by the British government. Months later, he was also nominated as the Commissioner of the Town Council for the towns and Malacca port as well. In 1914, he resuscitated the Chinese Company of the Malacca Volunteer Corps (later also known as B Company, 4th Battalion, Straits Settlement Volunteer Force) and served as a private for five years until 1919.[11] In 1915, the Straits Chinese British Association (SCBA) was revived by him, electing him as the President of SCBA soon after. In 1923, at the age of 40, he was appointed as a nominated member of the Legislative Council of the Straits Settlements.
In 1926, Tan made history with his monumental speech of ideals of a territorially and politically united Malaya in a speech to the council. Like many Straits-born Chinese of his time, Tan was partial towards Britain but was deeply influenced by ideas of independence which were sweeping across many British colonies. He advocated the concept of a “united self-governing British Malaya”. From 1933 to 1935, he was an unofficial member of the Straits Settlements Executive Council. He championed social causes like opposing opium smoking, promoting Chinese vernacular education, legislating against polygamy and pressing for immigration policy reform. During the Japanese occupation of Malaya, Tan and his family lived in India in exile. They witnessed the struggles of Mahatma Gandhi and Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru for independence during their stay in India, and inspired them to do the same for their motherland Malaya when they returned. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tan_Cheng_Lock
Merdeka Lessons
What lessons have I learnt about Merdeka? Something. Merdeka was negotiated by Tunku and the delegation that went with him. There are photos of them going and returning. They flew to London. There were reminders of retaining Tanah Melayu for the Malays. The Federation of Malaya (FoM) became a reality on 31 August 1957. My birth certificate also says I was born in the FoM. I grew up in Malayan Malaya for six years.
After the Malayan independence, something else happened. Singapore, Sabah and Sarawak were to join Malaya, and to form Malaysia. [I have not finished reading the necessary pages.] However, after Malaysia was formed, three ugly things happened. First, Singapore created a lot of 'problems' which made the Malaysian leaders unhappy. Tunku was unhappy but assisted all he possibly could to keep Singapore within Malaysia. It was rather heartbreaking for Tunku. The British were rather unhappy about Singapore's Lee Kuan Yu at some point too. Second, with Sukarno as President, Indonesia confronted Malaysia with Konfrantasi. Both ways, Malaysia was really upset and mitigated both aggression. Third, the Philippines wanted Sabah.
Singapore was asked to leave Malaysia. On 9 August 1965, Lee Kuan Yu signed his Singapore papers as part of the deal. Tunku also prepared our side of the papers. Then Tunku called a meeting in Parliament to inform all of the decision to let go Singapore. Everyone was caught by surprise. But Singapore was free to deal on her own for her own future. Singapore was very brave and Lee Kuan Yu was determined to make good of this granted freedom.
Before Singapore broke away, I remember, our family often visited our relatives in Geylang, Singapore. It was a soy sauce (kicap) village that made kicap HABHAL or kicap kipas udang. That village is no more after Eunos was created as a Malay reservation. We also went shopping in Singapore, after which Padang Besar and Penang each took turns to become good centres for shopping. I remember walking the roads of Singapore and my leg slipped into a small drain by the roadside - it was so painful that I remember the incident to this day, 50 years on.
I remember when we lived in Sabah, there was a lot of commotion about the Philippines wanting to take over Sabah. I was in mid-Primary 3 to mid-Primary 5. My eldest brother Sharif was my latent history teller. Then I also heard about the Vietnam War from him and we sang the jingle, "We won the war in 1964", then later it was "1969". But I wasn't moved by historical events at my age. My heart was on Mt Kinabalu, which created a beautiful scenery that faced our living-room of Flat 1A, Gaya College in Jesselton, Sabah. Life was peaceful in Sabah where we lived. The Kadazan grass-cutters would sing Guantanamera as they cut the grass for our flat. My mother said it is a Spanish song.
My family returned to live in the peninsula after the 13 May 1969 incidences. I didn't get to know about the 13 May incidences till my father mentioned something about it. I couldn't understand nor make out what the 13 May incidences were about when I was in Standard 5A at Zainab Primary School in Telipot, Kelantan. Years later, after I got married, when I was near middle-age, I learned from my husband that people were killed - with black magic and parangs! No wonder my father hardly took us to his village during that time - Kg Baru in Kuala Lumpur - the heart of the killings.
Looking back at our history, I think in our multiracial multiethnic multireligious society, we just have to learn to live together and not make great demands that make it difficult for our leaders. In my family there are Minangs, Arabs, Indians, Chinese, Burghers, Peranakans, and some I don't even know where they fit exactly. But it is best not to demand more than what this country can offer. Malaysia is a small country with limited resources and expertise. There is so much that it can offer and not offer. We must try to understand and make do as best we can and live as one. That is what I think Merdeka means - living together harmoniously as best we can. I don't see why we must out do each other - fight, pull, tug, push, clobber each other. We are Malaysians and that means living together without ill-feelings. We must put aside our differences and live with what we can share with others. We have to be tolerant and think twice because it is easy to hurt and the hurt will last a lifetime. Merdeka will soon come. Let's make the best of it.
