Renaissance Universities

I taught History of Medicine on Tuesday, 11 September 2012 to 200+ medical students in Year 1 in Dewan Kuliah 1 (DK1). InsyaAllah, I will have another 6 lectures in 6 years time before I retire at 60. That's how old I am today.

What did I teach this time? This time around I only had 1 hour. I covered the various civilisations in human history and touched on medicine where possible. Otherwise it was just mythology and magic potions.

I covered in sequence: ancient Egyptian civilisation, Greek civilisation, Roman civilisation, Arab civilisation,  and Renaissance. I mentioned Spain, Iran, Iraq and the Middle-East in passing as I had not much time. I also pointed out the 18th, 19th, 20th and 21st century discoveries in medicine.
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Mediterranean_Sea
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Spain
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/France
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Italy

For ancient Egypt, I covered the Pharaohs (Fir'aun). I mentioned they had the Book of the Dead that described procedures for preparing the dead for burial as mummies. I mentioned that the ancient Egyptians slit open the torso and took out the internal organs and placed them in canopy jars. (A lot of reactions from the students.) Then they replace the cavity with salt and sewed the torso and prepared them as mummies, to be stowed in sarcophagus, tombs or coffins. The interesting here was the use of scalpel to slit open the torso. I asked the students to identify the scalpel but in the illustration I showed the students, the scalpel looked like giant walking sticks (tongkat) or crochet needles. LOL
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Great_Pyramid_of_Giza
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Lighthouse_of_Alexandria

For ancient Greece, I mentioned that the Greeks were steeped in mythology and have more than 40 gods and goddesses. I named some of the gods & goddess, of course with tongue-twister names, it was a lot of laughter. There was a family of god & goddesses of medicine and healing. Asclepius married Lampetia (goddess) and they had 4 daughters (goddesses). For the capital of Greece, I mentioned Athena and showed them her statue, pole and serpent that would around her pole. I also mentioned the Greeks believed Athena metamorphed into an owl and was often depicted as an owl in images of ancient Greece. I mentioned the Acropolis and the Pantheon where the Greek prayed to their gods & goddesses. The renovated Pantheon still has many Doric columns, and pointed to the students how Malaysian have copied and lived the glory of the ancient Greek Pantheon in their very homes. Almost every modern Malaysian home today has 2 Doric columns in front; some have them inside the homes too. Pantheon was the prayer place while Pathenos meant barren or infertile. I elaborated the differences with "you don't ask your friend, "Are you pathenos while your friend prays in the Pantheon." There was a lot of laughter after that. I mentioned 2 Greeks - Hippocrates and Galen. Hippocrates was the village doctor who practised under a tree in Kos. He was the man who founded concepts used since his time and up till now in modern medicine. Galen went to Alexandria and learned Anatomy from the Egyptians who were highly skilled. He also made lots of medicinal mixtures and wrote about their uses. Galen also returned to Greece but went on to work for the Gladiators in Rome. I queried the students about the Gladiators - they were okay.
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Statue_of_Zeus_at_Olympia

The Arabs learned about medicine from the Greeks. I emphasized that the word Arab is a misnomer and incorrectly used by historians and almost everyone. The Arabs have 'al' name for objects and 'Al' suffix for clan name or surname. The non Arabs do not have 'Al' as name suffix. That alone should tell us whether an ancient man was an Arab or a non Arab. I also corrected the general understanding of what constitutes Arabic medicine, Islamic medicine and Prophetic medicine. Besides the Arabs and Iranians or Persians, there were Lebanese, Syrians, Jordanians, etc. The students have heard of Avicenna and they could read up on their own. They can also read up on the Golden Age of Islamic medicine in these countries. I mentioned Al-Qurrawiyun University as the oldest university and the first to offer medicine. University of Al-Azhar only adopted medicine in 1965 which is still quite recent. I mentioned some of the places in Spain and they can read up.

I covered Renaissance Europe. At the time, Europeans were fighting over land ownership and there were a lot of wars and battles. France moved north towards England and Normandy signifies French influences. The churches were active in keeping up with medicine. Popes became barbers and surgeons. Univerisities sprung up in Europe. These included Oxford University and Cambridge University. So these 2 universities (and others) are ancient centres of tertiary learning. I also covered the discoveries made in Europe (a lot of slides).

I did not cover Chinese, Indian and Malay medicine nor their history as time was limited.

Graduate Studies @USM

IPS = Institut Pengajian Siswazah (Malay) / Institute of Graduate Studies

IPS Dean:
Prof. Roshada Hashim
Dean, Institute of Graduate Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800 Penang, Malaysia
Phone: +604-653-2930 Fax: +604-653-2931 E-mail: roshada@usm.my

Website: http://www.ips.usm.my/ 

IPS, USM

USM CONVO 2012

USM 46th Convocation Ceremony
19-23 September 2012
Dewan Tuanku Syed Putra
Penang


USM live streaming:
http://www.usm.my/streaming/

Dewan Tuanku Syed Putra, USM

Kota Bharu, Kelantan

Kota Bharu, Kelantan
http://www.journeymalaysia.com/MC_kotabahru1.htm

Istana:
Built: First built by the easily flooded river bank of Sungai Kelantan. Later shifted to higher grounds.

Major floods:
Bah Merah (Dec 1926/Jan 1927), Bah Besar (Dec 1966/Jan 1967)

Masjid Kampung Laut
http://www.journeymalaysia.com/MHIS_nilampuri.htm
http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masjid_Kampung_Laut,_Nilam_Puri
http://www.arkib.gov.my/masjid-kampung-laut-kelantan
Built: 1400s / 1401 / 1730s / 18th Century / other
Actual date built: Unknown
Original site: Kampung Laut, Tumpat, Kelantan
Present location: Nilam Puri, near Pusat Pengajian Islam, Cawangan Universiti Malaya in Kelantan.
Repute: Oldest mosque in Kelantan (true). Oldest mosque in Malaysia (untrue). Oldest mosque in Southeast Asia (untrue).
Architecture: Hindu / Buddhist chandi
Previous status: Hindu chandi or kuil Hindu
Present status: presently a mosque
Attached stories: Muslim missionaries washed ashore after a shipwreck while en route from Java to Pattani or vice versa
Other related structures: The mosque built at the old Sultan Ismail Petra Airport in Pengkalan Chepa, Masjid Demak in Java, Masjid Kono in Champa, Masjid Nad Tanjung and Masjid Wadi Hussein in Thailand.
Associated structures at present site: Istana Nilam Puri is an old Malay palace of the Kelantan royalty. My father-in-law and my husband used to live in the palace at Nilam Puri.

Masjid Muhammadi
http://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masjid_Muhammadi
http://www.ridelhotel.com.my/masjid%20muhammadi.php
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y2eHwQ1US4A
Built: 1867
Location: Heart of Kota Bharu, Kelantan
Referred names: Masjid Besar / Masjid Besar Kota Bharu
Name: Named after Sultan Muhammad IV
First built: wooden mosque 1867-1920
Second built: brick mosque by British 1920-today
Renovations: many

Initial Masjid Muhammadi was a wooden structure 1867-1920, Kota Bharu.
From Rosli Che Soh in Facebook
http://archive.org/details/kelantanstateofm00grah

Markets & Shopping
http://www.kelantan.gov.my/

Hotels
http://www.ridelhotel.com.my/rooms.php

Mosques in Malaysia
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mLLax5mF8Ek&feature=fvwrel

501451 Biography of the Early Malay Doctors

Book ID: 501451

Book Title:
BIOGRAPHY OF THE EARLY MALAY DOCTORS 1900-1957 MALAYA AND SINGAPORE

Author: Faridah Abdul Rashid

Total no. pages: 982
Book dimensions: 6" x 9" x 2.1"

Description of contents:

This book contains 43 biographies of the early Malay doctors. The biographies take a womb-to-tomb approach for each doctor. Family history is also included where there is information about the ascendants and descendants of these doctors. This brings the book into reaching farther back into our history. The setting for writing is from 1905 when the Straits and Federated Malay States Government opened the medical school in Singapore, till 1957 when Malaya gained its independence (Merdeka). However, a few doctors were born before the turn of the 19th Century (late 1800s). Their fathers either came to Malaya or they were born in Malaya. Most of the early doctors were the third, fourth or fifth generation of migrant families in Malaya. There is a lot to be learned about our past medical history, the biographies of the early doctors, and their ascendants.

Cover (10 Sept 2012)

Copyright © 2012 by Faridah Abdul Rashid.

Library of Congress Control Number: 2012915816

ISBN 13: Softcover   978-1-4771-5994-1
ISBN 13: Hardcover 978-1-4771-5995-8

ISBN 13: eBook       978-1-4771-5996-5

Website:
http://www2.xlibris.com/books/webimages/wd/anz/501451/
(temporary link)

http://www.faridahabdulrashid.com/index.html
(this is the official website till Sept 2013)

Facebook:
http://www.facebook.com/EarlyMalayDoctors

Publisher: Xlibris Corporation

Amazon (price is in US Dollars):

http://www.amazon.com/Biography-Doctors-1900-1957-Malaya-Singapore

Barnes & Noble:
http://www.barnesandnoble.com/biography-of-the-early-malay-doctors-1900-1957-malaya-and-singapore

Muslim Journeys

MUSLIMS IN AUSTRALIA

This is from the Australian National Archives:
http://uncommonlives.naa.gov.au/muslim-journeys/index.aspx

Includes the different waves of Muslims to Australia - Afghans, Indians, Albanians, Lebanese, Turks and Malays.
http://uncommonlives.naa.gov.au/muslim-journeys/arrivals/early-voyagers.aspx

Various Malay groups and persons who arrived in Australia:
http://uncommonlives.naa.gov.au/muslim-journeys/arrivals/malays.aspx

1. Malay pearl divers in Broome
2. Malay students involved with the Colombo Plan 1950s-1960s
3. Malays of Cocos (Keeling) and Christmas Island
4. Malays of Western Australia 1870-1970

Contact:

http://www.naa.gov.au/about-us/contact/index.aspx

Karachi Literature Festival

First Karachi Literature Festival, 20-21 March 2010
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&NR=1&v=GrneaJHu9SI

Author Solutions - Ebooks

Ebooks and Bookstubs
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kju9-kpgq4A&feature=relmfu
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&NR=1&v=ERKoRha0JaY

Book signing events
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ks4ZTVrbJgU&feature=relmfu

Booktango E-book Publishing

Booktango.com offers free publishing of ebooks under its Freetango option. Free ISBN assignment, online ebook editor/editing, and authors keep all royalties earned and all sales made. Sounds good.

More: http://www.booktango.com/Services/

Penang Politics Before 1945

Politics throughout Tanah Melayu was different before colonial times, and each time a colonizer arrived. At the time of British Malaya, there were many migrants, notably Indians, Chinese and Arabs. There were other minority groups - Europeans and Jews who fled the 2 World Wars.

Because of the influx on migrants, not only did the Malays suffer to make their stand and voice heard, even among the migrants, there was struggle to be at the top, especially in the political struggle.

For the 3 British Settlements of Penang, Malacca and Singapore, the fight of the Malays and among the Malays were difficult. In Penang in particular, the fight was to regain Penang after Captain Francis Light and the British East India Company could not comply with the terms of the Sultan of Kedah. The Malays fought back to regain Penang but lost not only Penang, Francis Light and the BEIC also captured Seberang Perai (Province Wellesley).

After Penang became a British Settlement, things were still not right between the Penang Malays. At the time because of second generation of Indian and Arab families, even the politics was divided between those who favoured the Peranakan India (Penang Indian Muslims) who comprised the Penang Malays Association (PMA) and the Peranakan Arab (Penang Arabs)  who belonged to a different body. The Indian Muslims and Arabs may look similar but they have dissimilar priorities and wealth ownership. The Peranakan India remained in Georgetown while the Penang Arabs are at mainly 3 locations (even today) - Batu Uban, Jelutong and Kelawai. The politics and fight for political freedom are different between the 2 groups. Not only that, even the mosques are different. There is Masjid Kapitan Keling in Georgetown built by Penang Tamil Muslims, and many masjid jamek built by the Penang Arab-Malays such as Masjid Jamek Batu Uban, which is the oldest mosque in Malaysia - dated 1734. The founder of Masjid Jamek Batu Uban was a Minangkabau Malay who was called Nakhoda Nan Intan - signifying his skin colour as very dark. The Malay descriptive term Nan Intan points to a very dark skin, and most probably of Indian extract. So now we have the Indians subdivided between the earlier arrivals and the latter arrivals. Both the Penang Indian Muslims and the Penang Malay-Arabs practised in-breeding and marry among their clan members. It is very rare that they married to people outside their clans. The main aim being to maintain the family's wealth or clan wealth.

This is an article about the political scenario then:
Pergerakan Politik Melayu Negeri Pulau Pinang Sebelum 1945 oleh Md. Salleh bin Md. Ghaus.
Download: http://journalarticle.ukm.my/510/1/1.pdf

It should be noted that some of the early Malay doctors before Merdeka (1900-1957) were from the Peranakan India families and one was from the Penang Arab family.

The Nenek by the Surau

Back when I first came to work in Kelantan in 1983, we visited a nenek (grandmother) who lived near a surau in Pasir Mas. This is the surau nearest the roundabout in Pasir Mas-Rantau Panjang-Pasir Mas/Salor bridge. My husband and I went to search for this nenek as she was reputed to be a pious lady whose prayers worked. I was thrilled as I have never met a pious nenek whose prayers worked. We parked our car by the Pasir Mas-Tanah Merah trunk road and walked down to locate her home. We were told she lived by the surau before the roundabout. It was a small surau when I first saw it but we didn't see any good-looking homes which could possibly be her home. We walked all over the village, trying to locate her house. Then we decided to ask the villagers even though we didn't know the nenek's name. We were lucky because the villagers knew her and gave directions to her home. We went back to the main road and started counting our steps to the surau and leftward towards the nenek's home. It was a rather dilapidated wooden house and almost falling apart, with the roof not looking too good. I thought maybe the villagers gave us the wrong house where nobody lived. Anyway, my husband called out and we waited for some human movement. Soon enough the door opened and a nenek peered through to see who was calling at her home. She was probably 90+ but still strong and she could hear us very well. She invited us up to her verandah where we sat to talk to her and the reason for our visit. She knew why we were there even without us telling her! I found that strange. How could she know when we had never met and I have never talked to her? At that point I knew she was indeed a pious lady. And only pious people have this ability of reading other people's minds and intentions. I thought maybe she reared jinns and these jinns eaves-dropped on our conversation prior to meeting her. Anyway, she was working on her own cottage industry, making the traditional small white rice powder drops for facial powder. They are sold in RM2-packs. That's her income. I was thrilled by the little white drops which glistened in the morning sunshine. She made them all the same size and they were perfect - the skills of an elderly's hand. I can never do that right - I would possibly make big and small ones with some imperfect ones. Next time you buy a bottle of white rice powder drops, take a look at the sizes of the drops. They are handmade, drop by drop, by steady hands of the elderly. Anyway, the reason I was there was to have her look at my tummy - I was pregnant with my first child! Why do we visit such nenek? According to the Malay folks, it is best to seek such nenek first to take a look at the pregnant abdomen, and then go to hospital to deliver. Of course in Kelantan, it is better to go with the flow rather than challenge it. Any mak mertua (mother-in-law) will scorn if her menantu (daughter-in-law) decides to break tradition. But I enjoyed the visit to the nenek's humble abode. I still remember the sun's rays shining on some strands of silver hair which were partially covered with a light kain kelubung, and she was talking about the rice drops and how perfect they should be made. She was bent double but she was a polite and cute nenek who will never leave my memory. Her beautiful blue floral baju kurung pendek Kedah top and her floral kain sarong. She must have been a beautiful maiden before.

Solar Energy for Ages

If you remember from childhood days, families depended heavily on solar energy for everything. The sun was valuable to lives then and still is today and will be forever. Only that maybe our parents forgot that they were using solar energy and all they knew was the sunshine that reached them. Maybe.

What do we use solar energy for? If you remember, our mothers used to wake us up early before sunrise. Then they would take our mattresses, blankets and pillows and placed them on the window sill so the sun would shine on them for at least 3 hours before lunch time. They were removed and replaced on the floor before the next sleeping session or siesta. Remember the good afternoon naps? Our mothers were efficient and hardworking. We had the cleanest and puffiest pillows and mattresses - no problem of ticks or dust mites, no problems of asthma and skin allergies. No problem whatsoever. Our homes were free from such infestations. That was yesteryear.

Today, we have forgotten how to make the best use of solar energy except to dry the children's wet school shoes or our cars after a good car wash on a Saturday, or maybe Sunday. Have we forgotten that the sun is an important source of great energy that is left untapped and almost forgotten about its usefulness?

Has anyone given a thought about solar air-conditioning for homes? Why not? Solar energy is not only for heating, it is also good for air-conditioning. How come nobody wants to take it up? We are constantly installing air-conditioning units but that drains electrical energy from the powerhouses (TNB) and natural but depleting reserves. Of course with air-conditioning, electricity bills also triple. Who cares? I do! The University of California at Davis campus experimented on solar air-conditioning for homes in the late 1970s. They built 5 family homes and used solar energy for air-conditioning. That worked very well.

So I am advocating for solar air-conditioning of Malaysian schools, offices, shops and homes. The sun is always there. Why don't we use it? The sun belongs to everyone and it is freely available. Why not use it? Give it a try at least. It might cool your little offices or your TV room, etc. Just give it a try. How many engineers do we have that can take this challenge? This is 55 years post-Merdeka.

So we all have a job to do - to cool Malaysian homes comfortably. That is in repayment for chopping all our trees which kept our homes cool for the last 50 years. I remember as a kid I had to wear thick clothing in the morning and I had to have hot bath at about 11 am because it was so cold. Now I wake up sweating! It is hot and it will remain hot. Why not plant the trees back? They did for schools. But it is the 'big feet' who cleared the big forests who are the culprits. Of course we can all do our part to cool our homes - plant lots of trees and green, green grass. Green our homes, villages, cities and parks.

In the meantime, think about the possibility of solar air-conditioning.

http://www.ditrolic.com.my/services/1/Full-Service-Provider

Hong Hong Factory biscuits

Biscuits were here before I was born. Even when the early Malay doctors were students, they too survived on biscuits in Singapore. Our medical students today also survive on biscuits and Milo for a quick breakfast before they rush off to morning lectures. The other food that today's medical students eat is Maggi! They say that they don't have time and all they have time for is to make Maggi and slurp and rush off. I will take up biscuits in this post.

There were a few biscuit manufacturers in Singapore between 1900 and 1957. The famous ones are:

1. Thye Hong Biscuit Factory. It was started by Lee Gee Chong in 1935.  http://heritagetrails.sg/content/750/Thye_Hong_Centre.html
2. Ho Ho Biscuit Factory Limited.  http://blogtoexpress.blogspot.com/2012/08/ways-done-in-past-factory-workers.html
3. Khong Guan Biscuit Company. It was started by two brothers Chew Choo Keng (elder brother) and Chew Choo Han (younger brother). Re-opened in the post-war in 1947 by the 2 brothers.  http://sg.entertainment.yahoo.com/news/five-oldest-fnb-brands-singapore-083248686.html and  http://infopedia.nl.sg/articles/SIP_1670_2010-06-16.html

In a book written by Dr Abdul Wahab bin Mohd Ariff (Medical Students During the Japanese Invasion of

Singapore, 1941-1942), he wrote that he had gone out to buy Hong Hong Factory biscuits one evening in 1941-42 with S. M. A. Alhady before the Battle of Singapore.

There is no update on Hong Hong Factory biscuits or Hong Kong Factory biscuits. The correct spelling is unknown.

Battle for Kedah

Kedah is a flat plain except for Gunung Jerai. It was easy for the Japanese to capture Kedah. I visited Kedah to see for myself, and true enough, Kedah is as flat as a pancake and very easy to capture. Even the roads are straight. I passed by the aerodrome and thought for a second, this must be where things happened.

This is the account of the battle that occurred in Kedah:
http://www.fepow-community.org.uk/arthur_lane/Percivals_Report/html/battle_for_kedah.htm

There's mention of Singora, Jitra, Changlun, etc.

Malaysian traditional dances

When we look at the Malaysian traditional dances, we can see that they resemble a lot of dances throughout Southeast Asia and the Indian subcontinent. Why?

A lot of the dances are about another world, the world of fairy princes and princesses, of beasts and spirits, and many have to do with nature - the sea, waterfall, caves, rock forms, big trees, etc. Why?

Are we superstitious? Must we be superstitious?

Sometimes the dances are nice to watch, sometimes it is hard to believe that that is what the people truly believe in. Sometimes it makes us wonder, whether people ever stop and leave the unseen alone or they live with it.

Does superstition govern what the Malays believe in and what they do? Yes, most of the time. Why?

Are the dancers drugged before the dances? No, not that I know of. But in some dances, they appear as if drugged. How do we tell?

Dancing all night long and not stopping may point to drug consumption prior to the dances. A normal Malay dance will tire the dancer easily and an hour is sufficient to force a traditional dancer to rest.

Do the Malays mix drugs and dancing? I don't know. Well, if I see people dancing like the flickering candle-light, like jello or worms on ambers, I would suspect some drug consumption by the dancers. If they do weird dance steps unlike the normal ones, then maybe too, they are on drugs. Sometimes the dancers look like they are in a trance. Why? How is this possible without drugs?

Is it easy to get up and dance a Malay dance? In school, we were forced to dance, like it or not, or we get the feather duster caning on our lazy legs. Nobody wants to dance for nothing in public. But at international festivals, Malaysian students dance for Malaysia.

Will Malaysians dance and not mix drugs and dance? I think that is the best way to go.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mak_yong
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulek_Mayang

Pasir Mas bridge

I only call it the Pasir Mas bridge. The river is Sungai Kelantan. This bridge links Salor on the south side to Pasir Mas on the north side, and onward to Rantau Panjang. There are many food stalls on both sides of the bridge (more on Salor side). There are many activities both on the river banks and on the river. The river banks are used for agricultural purposes and farmers grow corn (jagung), groundnuts (kacang tanah), pumpkins (labu) and tubers (ubi kayu, ubi keledek, etc), etc. The sand merchants suck river sand  (pasir sungai) for the construction industry (buat rumah). Like all bridges, this bridge is also congested during school holidays and festive seasons.

Views from Pasir Mas bridge.

Kecek Klate

This is a young Egyptian who speaks the Kelantan dialect:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sqhX_SlAzNs&feature=related

Sultan Yahya Petra Bridge, Kelantan

I like bridges and I wrote about bridges for a class essay. Now I will write about the Sultan Yahya Petra Bridge in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. This is a unique bridge and I first saw the bridge in May 1969 when I first came to live in Kelantan. I was 11 years old.

Aerial view of Sungai Kelantan over the sandbank (banggol). View from MAS flight KB-KLIA at 11 am. Here the aircraft is flying north-east towards the coast, after which it will turn south.

Same flight as for above pic. Aerial view of the coast of Kelantan where the aircraft turned south. This area would be in the vicinity of the airport, i.e., Sabak-Melawi-Bachok stretch. Here the coastline is straight and very easy for coastal landing. The coastline is straight for many kilometres.

HISTORY PHOTOBLOGS
http://lizizstandaco.com/contentpage2.php?id=5
http://pukogamba.aminus3.com/image/2010-01-24.html


DESCRIPTION
http://www.asiaexplorers.com/malaysia/wakaf-bharu_kelantan.htm


SULTAN YAHYA PETRA BRIDGE
Built: 1967-1969 (Wikipedia). The actual dates are unknown. When I arrived in May 1969, the bridge was there and functioning.
Builder: Kien Huat Private Limited, a family firm of Tan Sri Lim Goh Tong (builder & owner of Genting Highlands casino).
Toll: There was a small toll house on the bridge when UMNO ruled Kelantan. The toll was $2 per car.
Location: Kota Bharu, Kelantan
River: Sungai Kelantan
Links: Kota Bharu on the south side and Pasir Pekan on the north side
Cost of bridge: -
Map of bridge:
http://www.panoramio.com/map
Views of bridge:
http://www.panoramio.com/photo/8310207

Official opening of the bridge. Photo from Arkib Negara Malaysia.
Here http://lizizstandaco.com/contentpage2.php?id=5 it says 1962.
In Wikipedia it says built 1967-1969.

The bridge during the flood. Internet photo. 1967?
The building could be the sentry or toll house.

4-Junction at the bridge end in KB; the traffic lights help control congestion.

Approaching the old bridge at KB end amidst construction of the flyover for the second bridge.

Construction of the flyover for the second bridge in progress near TESCO at KB end.

Driving on the old bridge from Pasir Pekan towards KB. TESCO is on the right.

SULTAN YAHYA PETRA BRIDGE 2
River: Sungai Kelantan

Cost of bridge: RM157million

Date of construction: June 2007

Expected date of completion: December 2009

Postponements: 4

Actual date of completion: August 2012

Length of bridge: 800m 

Links: Kota Bharu to Pasir Pekan and onward to Wakaf Bharu and Tumpat.

Source:

http://thestar.com.my/news/story
Views of bridge:

http://www.flickr.com/photos/ainst/7842030686/ 

Comments about the bridges, connected roads and traffic:

http://motoring.asiaone.com/Motoring/News/Story/
https://foursquare.com/v/jambatan-sultan-yahya-petra/

Nyanyok?

When I first heard the word "nyanyok" or "nyanyuk", I had thought someone didn't know how to say "nyamuk" (mosquito) properly. Nowadays, I frequently hear the word nyanyuk and I thought maybe it is nyanyuk after all and not nyamuk.

Nyanyuk is forgetting and all its associated forms and behaviour. Becoming nyanyuk is becoming forgetful and therefore we describe it as setting in of senility. Becoming senile is equated to becoming forgetful and sometimes becoming silly in our society. As such nyanyuk is often a hushed word rather than a clearly spoken word. Nobody wants to be called a nyanyuk.

Why is nyanyuk here to stay? Nyanyuk is on the rise in developing nations and not a disease of the western nations only. That means even Malays are subject to being nyanyuk. It is part and parcel of ageing and breakdown of the communication fibres in the brain. It is a good and clear sign that life is slipping away slowly and will definitely reach an end point. Do we need to cure nyanyuk? It is curable? I don't know. I guess not. But I would prefer to eat lots of fruits and vegetables and stay high on antioxidants and age slowly. That way I can hopefully, insyaAllah, keep nyanyuk at bay. The other means to keep nyanyuk away is to read Qur'an daily and continuously.

Forgetting where the glasses are, forgetting where the car keys are, forgetting where the socks are, forgetting to pick up the kids, forgetting to purchase an item on the grocery list, forgetting there's a dinner date, etc all fall under nyanyuk. These forgetting episodes appear about age 40 onward. They can appear earlier or later. At age 50 it is worse. At age 55, it should be worse. I don't know about older ages as I am not there yet. But I suppose, senility worsens with age, till a point nobody could care less or gives up. This is a point of danger. I have heard ugly stories of the elderly being left uncared for and they play with their excreta as if it was mud. So things can be bad with senility in old age.

What can we do about nyanyuk? I guess for the wandering type and if we are scared about them wandering far and losing them, we can try and do handband tagging as for Jemaah Haji, or do digital tagging as in GPS. I have read proposals of tagging children so child kidnapping can be halted altogether but I have not seen anything about tagging old people. I think it will be great to try and to the best interest of the elderly population and for their own safety. People may say it is an invasion of privacy. I would rebut and say it is better that the elderly are GPS-tagged rather than let them loose where they can't find their way home. So research into GPS-tagging of the elderly may become commonplace and also possibly a law later. Saves a lot of worries too.

A father is missing

This is a desperate hunt for a Malay male with Alheimer's Disease (AD), named Shukor. The call for help appears in Facebook. The man went missing from Kg Padang Tenggala, Perak since Ramadan. He has been missing for 19 days. Relatives are trying to locate him. If you find him, please call the police or the families at the numbers below.

This is the Facebook link: http://www.facebook.com/Helpmetofind

This is the message in Facebook:

Salam semua, nak mintak jasa baik tlg sebar kan pic fb ni ., semoga jasa baik kalian hanya Allah sahaja yang mampu membalas , pakcik Shukor adalah ayah kepada sepupu saya hilang dalam bulan ramadhan yg lalu , sy harap korang boleh tlg share page/gambar ni , mane la tahu ada org yg terjumpe ayah sepupu sya tmpat akhir hilang di perak, KAMPUNG PADANG TENGGALA. pakcik ini menghidapi penyakit Alzheimer (nyanyuk) jika terjumpa sila hantar kepada balai polis berdekatan atau hubungi no ini

0123237805
0134143396
0125951094

atau hantar ke balai polis yang berhampiran, semoga Allah sahaja yang dapat membalas jasa baik dan budi kalian semua, semoga dengan shared gambar ini berkemungkinan ada yang prihatin dan menghantar beliau ke balai polis yang berhampiran ....

These are the pictures from Facebook:

Pak Cik Shukor .... missing man from Kg Padang Tenggala, Perak

Pak Cik Shukor

This is the link to this post:
http://theearlymalaydoctors.blogspot.com/2012/09/a-father-is-missing.html

Merdeka Ke-55

We have been colonised and enslaved for hundreds of years and yet we don't realise it. We are not jumping up and down at home this Merdeka. Our feet are firm on the ground. This Merdeka falls on Friday. We are praying for the safety of this nation and other nations. This is my son Ibrahim's prayer for Merdeka which he posted in Facebook:

Doa ku pada semua :

Ya Allah, ya tuhanku. Ampunilah dosa-dosaku, Engkaulah Maha Pengampun. Ya Ghaffar, ya Rahman, ya Rahim.
Ya Allah, Ampunkanlah dosa kedua ibu bapaku, dosa seluruh keluargaku, yang masih hidup mahu pun yang telah meninggal.
Ya Allah, Ampunkanlah dosa guru-guruku, dosa kawan-kawanku, dosa seluruh Muslimin dan Muslimah.

Ya Allah, berkatilah ilmu yang ku pelajari, berkatilah hidupku, berkatilah rezeki ku, berkatilah negara tercinta ini.
Ya Allah, jauhilah diriku ini daripada musuh-musuh Islam, jauhilah daripada godaan hawa nafsu, jauhilah gangguan jin dan syaitan.

Alhamdulillah, tatkala negara ini mencapai kemerdekaan dengan ni'mat keamanan, kedamaian, keharmonian, kemakmuran, kesejahteraan dan ketenangan. Janganlah Engkau lalaikan diri ku ini dengan urusan dunia, hiburan dan sebagainya sehingga boleh meninggalkan ibadah wajib. Sesungguhnya aku insan yang sangat lemah.
Tatkala negara ini mencapai kemerdekaan, bagaimana pula dengan nasib saudaraku di Selatan Thai, Rohingya, Palestin, Syria dan lain-lain. Ya Allah bantulah mereka, aku tidak mampu menolong mereka. Engkau adalah sebaik-baik Pertolongan.

Ya Allah, kuatkanlah hatiku ini, masukkanlah diri ku ini ke dalam golongan orang-orang yang sentiasa bersyukur atas ni'mat-Mu. Amin ya Rabbal alamin.

This is my son Ibrahim's elaboration on what Merdeka means to him, which he wrote in Facebook. He was born in Subiaco, outside Perth, Australia on 22 August 1988:

merdeka dari segi
- agama : Malaysia telah menempuhi zaman penjajahan, agama Islam tetap dipertahankan sehingga dijadikan agama rasmi negara. Namun masyarakat Islam itu sendiri kurang penghayatan.
- bahasa : mana-mana bahasa ada kelebihan ada kekurangan. Bahasa Melayu dijadikan bahasa rasmi. Inggeris ada pinjam perkataan bahasa lain untuk menjadikan ia serba guna. Bagaimana pula 'kuih-muih' dalam bahasa Inggeris ??
- budaya : Malaysia sangat unik dengan pelbagai bangsa walaupun di saat bangsa Melayu dilanda dilema. Masakan tradisional sering menjadi keutamaan dalam majlis keraian, diikuti kuih-muih pencuci mulut.

Namun tidak dapat dinafikan bahawa disebalik kemerdekaan, masih ada saki-baki peninggalan penjajah seperti :
- perundangan+perlembagaan : berlandaskan common law & westminster. Sedangkan Undang-undang Islam berlandaskan - Shariah (Al-Quran,Sunnah,Ijmak,Qias dll)
- hiburan : .... . . .

This is the younger sister Farah's response to Ibrahim's post on Merdeka. She has just completed her second year studies in medicine in Bangalore, India and will be continuing on to third year in October, insyaAllah:

brp buah buku mu baca bleh bg jwpn gtu?? huraikan lg tentang saki baki pnjajahan dan tambah juga cara penyelesaian. terima kasih. kikikikikii... karangan lengkap boleh di hantar ke berita harian utk dibaca olh rakyat jelata, klu bh xterima bleh direct ke harakah.. kih4 XP

501451 cover

This is the cover for book Biography of the Early Malay Doctors 1900-1957 Malaya and Singapore. The book contains 964 pages (the dimensions are in the image). The ISBNs were in a previous post and are re-posted below. I have completed editing the manuscript today and will submit the corrections to my printer. 10 images for Tan Sri Dr Raja Ahmad Noordin are still missing and I will need to re-send. Once everything is ok, this book should be out in 2 months, hopefully by Aidiladha, InsyaAllah. Pray hard.


Copyright © 2012 by Faridah Abdul Rashid.
Library of Congress Control Number: Pending
ISBN: Hardcover 978-1-4771-5995-8
Softcover 978-1-4771-5994-1
Ebook 978-1-4771-5996-5



Please check at Amazon. At Amazon, the price is in US Dollars.
http://www.amazon.com/Biography-Doctors-1900-1957-Malaya-Singapore

Salam Aidilfitri

Bowl contents: Indian meruku/maruku, Malay kuih siput/kuih gunting, Kelantanese kuih gunting ikan bilis, Indian fried peas/kacang pis goreng, and fried lentil/kacang dhal goreng. Missing - fried groundnuts.  This was my simple breakfast on Hari Raya morning. Bowl is Japanese, bought from Bukit Bintang Plaza, Kuala Lumpur, during annual end-of-year sale (RM60 for 5 pieces). The brown background is my 1-inch thick wooden chopping board bought for RM3.80 from Pasar Tani at Pasir Tumboh, Kelantan. Fonts used are Trajan Pro for 'Selamat Hari Raya Aidilfitri', other greetings were made using Arial font, and my name was made using Monika font. 

Most Malay houses would serve festive cuisines for Hari Raya, including the world's best ketupat (many types), rendang (all sorts), satay Kajang, nasi dagang Kelantan, lemang KL, soto ayam Johor, laksa Penang, lakse Kelantan, curry puffs, bihun & mihun, koay teow, etc. Of course there is a whole range of Malay cakes, tarts and biscuits, most are very interesting and have some history. Many Malays also host open house and serve food for the entire community. This is a good thing as poor boys and girls get to attend such functions and get to sample some of the best foods. I am amazed that the Malays have this spirit of open house during Hari Raya and anyone can visit and eat.

What is Hari Raya without its musical scores? There are some good songs, some happy, others sad, yet a few others bring tears on Hari Raya morning, especially if you have lost your parents, siblings or relatives. There is one that I particularly like, a song sang by a Malay relative of mine from Kampung Baru in Kuala Lumpur. She is Aishah and her song is Pulanglah. I get goosebumps every time that song plays on radio or TV. She sings very well. There's another song that is quite nice, a song sang by M. Nasir about his parents (at first I had thought he was singing about his girlfriend or wife). I don't know the title and the Malay lyrics say '...buah hati ibuku..' which actually refers to his father. It took me some time to figure out and understand the Malay lyrics.

The holy city of Ajmer

Ajmer is in northern India and is frequented by many for various reasons, mainly for Tawassul (offering prayer via a holy medium). In Ajmer, there lies the remains of a saint of Ajmer in a Dargah (shrine). He is Mohinudeen Chishty, who wrote the Sufi book on healing which I had mentioned earlier in another post. Dr Amir Burhanuddin al-Helmy had studied at Ajmer. He was an early Malay doctor of Homeopathy.

Here are photos of Ajmer from Aulia e-Hind.com:
http://amazonintl.in/forum/index.php/topic,12920.0.html

Dargah of Khawja Moinudeen Chishty in Ajmer

Moinudeen Chishty in Ajmer
http://wsany.tripod.com/id11.html
http://amuslimconvertoncemore.blogspot.com/2010/08/short-biography-of-khwaja-moinuddin.html

Why did ancient wills use Spanish dollar?

I was reading the Will of Cauder Mohideen (Kader Mydin) who founded the Masjid Kapitan Keling in Penang. His Will mentioned Spanish dollars instead of British currency. I was wondering why that was so. Today I discovered that the Spanish silver dollars were preferred as they contained higher quality silver.

Evolution of Currency:
http://www.mas.gov.sg/en/Evolution-of-Currency

In memory of Jalil Ibrahim (1)

Jalil was my form 5T class teacher's husband at Tunku Kurshiah College (TKC) in 1975. I must have met Jalil while in Form 4T in 1974. I remember we brought our chairs to the padang at the end of the school block (my class was the last class in that block). We sat in a circle and I could clearly see Jalil from where I sat. He was a tall and fair gentleman, much like a Chinese, with sideburn and black framed glasses. I thought he came from a far away place - like from China or Heaven! He didn't say much, maybe he was shy. The next I heard of him, he was murdered in Hong Kong. The details I can't remember but banana plantation was all I can remember. That's it.

There is nothing mentioned of the late Jalil nor his wife (my former teacher) or his family. I remember his wife gave birth to her first child and the whole class went to visit her at home. I still have the photo of all of us walking towards her home - it was a hot day and I wore a baju kurung. I have to search for that photo.

The Bank Bumiputra scandal involved a lot of people. The late Lorrain is the only son of Dr Mustapha bin Osman, an early Malay doctor (the other is a daughter). By the time I could figure out who's who and understand the scandal, probably last year or so, Lorrain had died. Else I could ask him about his father. So, it is a bit sad that many have died before I could interview them for my book - Biography of the Early Malay Doctors 1900-1957 Malaya and Singapore.

I don't know if there is a book written about the scandal. There are only bits and pieces that I see here and there and everywhere. It would be nice to see the scandal nicely written for the public to read, rather than try and fix a jig-saw puzzle with many missing pieces and much imaginery. I cannot write such a book as I am not in the banking or finance industry, nor do I understand the scale of such a scandal. I'm not a globe trotter so writing about it will be impossible. It would involve a lot of secret interviews of the people involved who are still surviving, most in their 80s. A scandal is just a scandal. Scandals are commonplace nowadays, especially when it comes to $$$. What we make out of a scandal is totally different. I guess it takes a lot of skills and courage to write about the scandal such that we can have it as a non-fiction book. Scandals happen everywhere and all the time, and this one is no exception. If RM2.5 billion is such a messy big number, but that is just about a billion in AUD and less in USD. So why the scare about such a scandal? I still think someone should take a brave step to write about it and honestly lay it down properly. If we don't write it now, and then try to write about it 20 years from now, it won't be authentic. Maybe we should all come together, divide the workload for writing all the small parts, and then put those small parts together to make a book. Will the book make us proud? No, but it should be a lesson to all that money is a dangerous weapon - it kills innocent lives! There is no point keeping quiet and letting things fade so nothing exists of it. I think it is better to write and have a copy now.

External links:
http://www.malayviral.com/2016/02/kes-pembunuhan-jalil-ibrahim-masih-lagi.html

http://ktemoc.blogspot.my/2017/01/cia-report-prompts-revisit-of-bmf.html

Here's the story from The Malaysian Bar:
http://www.malaysianbar.org.my/news_features/lorrain_breaks_his_silence.html

YouTube video of Jalil's murder in Hong Kong:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=LBzbO55mYRg

Jalil Ibrahim, a banker with Malaysia's Bank of Bumiputra was found murdered. He had been silenced before he could blow the whistle to financial irregularities and dangerous liaisons which if revealed could destroy his bank and compromise his country. The banker knew too much. But what did he know?

Terkenang Bah Merah

There were 2 major floods in Kelantan, one in 1927 and another in 1967.

"Terkenang Bah Merah" was an article written by Mona Ahmad and Nasron Sira Rahm in Dimensi, Berita Harian, Malaysia on Sunday, 21 January 2007, page 4 (link to article). There were about 8 photos in the article, including one photo of the British officers and a doctor. They were Mr Ferrier, Dr Taylor, Mr Kemp, and Mr Worham.

British officers during the 1927 flood in Kelantan.
Photo from Muzium Kelantan.

British Malacca

Photos and description of British Malacca are at Janus collection at http://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk

What is included (photos by William Langham-Carter):

1. Malacca river view
2. Malacca town and hillside
3. Malacca fort (the date on the fortress gate by VOC should be 1641)
4. Residency Malacca
5. Bridge over Malacca river

David Brown 1778-1825

David Brown

David Brown was famous in Penang. He had owned a section of Penang island - a piece of land called Brown Garden where his house/office was built initially. 

When I was in Penang in the early 1960s, Brown Garden was still a controversial piece of land. Brown Garden was bordered by the lands of 2 Malays  - Datuk Jenaton whose land is now the Minden Heights housing area, and the other was Dr Che Lah bin Md Joonos, an early Malay doctor, whose house was on a land at Lengkok Pemancar, atop Bukit Pemancar (Signal Hill), while Brown Garden was mainly in the lowland (valley at the foothill of Penang Hill), but it stretched up to the hilly region of Penang Hill. 

I don't have the full story on Brown Garden but some Penangites may still remembered the story about Brown Garden.

Title Correspondence of David Brown

Reference RCMS 103/13

(former reference: BAM XIII)

Creator Brown, David, 1778-1825

Covering Dates 1801–1825

Extent and Medium 1 file; paper; mixed scripts 

Content and context

David Brown was born in Longformacus, Berwickshire, Scotland in 1778. He studied law in Edinburgh, but joined his countryman James Scott's mercantile business in Penang in 1800. Scott was the trading partner of Francis Light, who had taken over Light's estate after his death in 1794. Brown succeeded Scott when he died in 1808. Brown became the largest land owner and planter in Penang, pioneering the introduction of nutmeg cultivation. He died in 1825 when travelling to Malacca. 

26 letters concerning economic development and the management of his estates exchanged between Brown and various correspondents. The collection includes eight letters from Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles. The file also includes a typescript copy of the will of Francis Light.

http://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk

Stamford Raffles

Francis Light

Glugor House in Brown Garden, Glugor/Gelugor.
Photo was taken from Penang - Past and Present.

Brown Estate, Buildings structures, planter's bungalow,

Code No.: PSL45

Category: Photographs

Scale/No.: n/a 

Title: Glugor House

Year: 

Features: no date given, Double storey bungalow verandah Tuscan columns, brick and lime building with extended roof to create a shaded verandah on two sides supported on tall timber columns. Brick columns support a single storey verandah terracotta tiled roof , Penang Island, Straits Settlements, 

Source: The Penang State Library Collection 

URL: http://www.penanglib.gov.my

More details below

Product Owner Name: The Penang State Library Collection
Owner Details: The originals of The Penang State Library Collection images can be found in the Rare Books Room of the Penang State Library in Seberang Prai. http://www.penanglib.gov.my

How to request a copy without a watermark
The images are copyright to Penang State Library. You can contact the Library to find out how to purchase a non-watermark copy. 

Coding
The code e.g. PSL45 – is for reference when you contact the Library.
PSL – Penang State Library – this code is the same for each image.
45 – The number of the digitalised image – this number is different for each image.
Accuracy 

Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the information in this website. Any errors are regretted. 

If you have any evidence and further information about the scenes captured in the postcard images – we would like to hear from you. 

Office Hours: Open: Wednesday - Sunday 9:45 AM - 6:00 PM
Closed: Monday, Tuesday AND PUBLIC HOLIDAYS
Address: Penang Public Library Corporation JKR 2118 Library Road, Seberang Jaya, 13700 Prai, Penang, Malaysia.
Tel: +604-3902387 (Counter) +604-3971058 (Office)
Fax: +604-3970226
Website: http://www.penanglib.gov.my

Gelugor House and Spice Plantations in Gelugor. 
Gelugor House was owned by David Brown, who settled in Penang circa 1800. 
In the plantations were grown pepper, nutmegs, cloves and other spices
 http://www.neosentuhan.com.my/tourism2004/support/eg02a_02.htm

There are 3 Brown names - David Brown, Dr David Brown, and F. S. Brown.

Duke of Edinburgh visit, Government Officials, (l) Anson Lieutenant Governor of Penang, (4l) Sir Harry Ord - Governor of S.S., (3r) F. S. Brown of Glugor Estate, and centre - Sir William Hackett Judge,
Code No.: PSL46
Category: Photographs
Scale/No.: n/a
Title: Colonel Anson and welcoming party
Year: 1869
Features: n/a, unidentified buildings to rear, standing under a tree on a path, George Town, Straits Settlements,
Source: The Penang State Library Collection
URL: http://www.penanglib.gov.my

Citing BAM

The Association of British Malaya was founded in 1920, replacing the Straits Settlements Association which had existed since 1868. In the light of changing circumstances it became the British Association of Malaya, the British Association of Malaysia and the British Association of Malaysia and Singapore.
The photos were deposited with the Royal Commonwealth Society in 1973 on the dissolution of the British Association of Malaysia and Singapore.
Please cite as Cambridge University Library: Royal Commonwealth Society Library, Photograph collection of the British Association of Malaysia and Singapore, BAM
http://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk

People who have served BAM:

1. Hugh Bryson (died 1977), Secretary 1952-1967
2. GR Lambert, official photographer to the King of Siam, 1879; Lambert and Co. 1879-1918
3. Alexander Koch, assistant photographer, Lambert and Co 1883-1884; later as manager
4. HT Jensen 1908-1910 - his photo is in 'Twentieth Century Impressions of British Malaya.'
5. H Nugent Buckeridge managed Lambert and Co 1914-1917; became independent commercial photographer in Singapore-WWII
6. Charles J Kleingrothe
7. August E Kaulfuss
8. Leonard Wray (1852-1942) entered Perak Civil Service 1881
9. William Langham-Carter (1869-1940); cadet in Straits Settlement 1890; held several posts in Province Wellesley 1895-1897 and 1907-1913; Singapore 1898-1906; British Adviser in Kelantan 1913-1916; Singapore judge 1916-1922; Resident-Councillor in Malacca 1922-1925; retired 1925.

Kelantan Volunteer Rifles 1914

I don't know about the Sikh Police Band but I have seen some photos of them at the Penang Museum. I don't know about the Kelantan Volunteer Rifles (KVR) but there is a place where the group gathers in Kota Bharu and there is a rifle range in Pengkalan Chepa - is this the same group? Is the KVR still active?

Sikh Police Band

1. Where did the Sikh police come from? Were they imported?
2. What is the Sikh Police Band?
3. Is it the same group of people who defended Kelantan against the Japanese invasion at Pantai Dasar Sabak on 7/8 December 1941?

KVR officers, 1914:

1. What is the KVR?
2. When was the KVR set up in Kelantan?
3. Why was the KVR set up in Kelantan?
4. Who comprised the KVR members?
5. DCR Rainnie, Duff Development Company (What is this company?)
6. William Langham-Carter, British Adviser
7. Herbert Alfred Anderson, CO of the KVR (CO = Commanding Officer?)

External links:

Title: Kelantan Volunteer Rifles, Sikh Police Band, circa 1914
Reference BAM 14/1
Extent and Medium Good condition, apart from slight fading.
Content and context
129 x 77 mm.
Showing the Sikh band marching past with three officers of the K.V.R. following behind. These are identified as: D.C.R. RAINNIE, Duff Development Company; William LANGHAM-CARTER, British Adviser; and Herbert Alfred ANDERSON, C.O. of the K.V.R.
Further information: Biographical notes on Herbert Anderson at BAM 6/14.
http://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk


Duff Development Company
http://pp-sk.blogspot.my/2014/01/siapa-rw-duff.html

LATE MR. R. W. DUFF'S WILL
The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser, 7 April 1937, Page 1

Mr William Kerr

Mr William Kerr was Supervisor of Customs in Kelantan in 1920. Before he left Kelantan, he gave his photo albums to Mr and Mrs William Langham-Carter. Before Carter left Kelantan, he left the albums in the hands of the Sultan of Kelantan, who then passed the photo albums to Muzium Kelantan. I have seen the photo albums in Muzium Kelantan. Muzium Kelantan is trying to trace both the Kerr and Carter families. Please contact Muzium Kelantan if you know about the photos, Kerr or Carter. I only said to Muzium Kelantan that I will try and help find Kerr and Carter. I guess this is the biggest clue we have to date. I will need to inform Muzium Kelantan of this find.

Title Kelantan 1914
Reference BAM 14
Creator Kerr, William, fl 1914-1920, Supervisor of Customs (?)
Covering Dates 1914
Extent and Medium 12 images in 1 folder; Generally in good condition.
Content and context
William Kerr was Supervisor of Customs, Kelantan in 1920.
An album containing prints measuring approximately 135 x 80 mm, most captioned either in manuscript beneath the print or in the negative. Captions composed for this entry are enclosed in square brackets. The album contains mainly scenic views. Photographs are probably by William Kerr. The album was a Christmas gift to Mr. and Mrs. William Langham-Carter from William Kerr. http://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk

William Langham-Carter (1869-1940)

Carter, William Langham - (1869-1940)

Photograph collection of the British Association of Malaysia and Singapore 1880-1969
Carter, William Langham - (1869-1940)
http://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk/

Janus Photograph Collection

Photograph collection of the British Association of Malaya and Singapore:
http://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk/db/node.xsp?id=EAD%2FGBR%2F0115%2FBAM%206

501452 Web design Official website

This is a temporary link to the book's website:
http://www2.xlibris.com/books/webimages/wd/anz/501452/author.html

This is the Xlibris official website for the book, Research on the Early Malay Doctors 1900-1957 Malaya and Singapore.
http://www2.xlibris.com/books/webimages/wd/anz/501452/index.html



Business card